Networking Terms and Dictionary

Email Technologies Overview

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:02:22 +0800

Email has become a critical tool in people's daily life and the email technologies have evolved from simple memo sending and receiving channels to complex and automated messaging systems.

Instant Message (IM) Technology Overview

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:02:35 +0800

Instant message (IM) technologies allow people to talk online real time . To s end a message , you need to open up a small window where you and your friend can type in messages that both of you can see.

IPTV: Internet Protocol Television Architecture and Technologies

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:02:40 +0800

Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) is a service for the delivery of broadcast TV, movies on demand and other interactive multimedia services over a secure, end-to-end operator managed broadband IP data network with desired QOS to the public with a broadband Internet connection.

Network File Sharing or Internet File Sharing

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:02:46 +0800

Network File Sharing (NFS) is the process of making files such as documents and multi media files on their own computer accessible for people to view and download over networks including LAN, WAN and the Internet.

NFS: Network File System

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:02:52 +0800

Network File System (NFS), originally developed by Sun Microsystems and then extended by IETF, allows file sharing over network among different types of systems.

Samba: Free File Sharing Software among Linux, Unix and Windows Systems

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:02:54 +0800

Samba is an Open Source/Free Software suite that provides seamless file and print services to SMB/CIFS clients regardless which operating systems Linux, Unix, IBM system 390, Open VMS or Windows are based on.

WBT: Web Based Training

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:02:57 +0800

Web-based training (WBT) is an approach to do distance learning using world-wide web technologies.

Web Services and Technologies

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:04:57 +0800

Web services are a collection of distributed, reusable application components that selectively expose the functionality of business services and make that functionality available to applications through standardized Internet protocols.

World Wide Web (WWW) Technologies

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:05:00 +0800

The World Wide Web (WWW) is a huge online collection of information and a browser such as Microsoft IE, Netscape Navigator or Firefox, is used to access the web.

Video Streaming Technologies

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:05:02 +0800

Streaming is a technique for transferring data such that it can be processed as a steady and continuous stream. Streaming technologies are widely used in transmit large multimedia (voice, video and data) files quickly.

VOIP

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:05:04 +0800

Voice over IP (VOIP) uses the Internet Protocol (IP) to transmit voice as packets over an IP network.

Access Network and Technologies

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:05:06 +0800

Access network is the portion of a public switched network (PSTN) that connects access nodes to individual subscribers, which is predominantly passive twisted-pair copper wiring.

Anycast and Anycast Routing

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:05:28 +0800

Anycast is communication between a single sender and several receivers topologically nearest in a group.

Broadband Access Technologies

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:05:30 +0800

Broadband Access technologies provide high speed, always on communication between homes and businesses with the Internet.

Broadcast on Network

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:05:32 +0800

Broadcast on a network means one node transmits packets to all other nodes in the same domain simultaneously.

Client/Server Computing Architecture

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:05:34 +0800

The client/server computing architecture is a message-based and modular infrastructure that is intended to improve on centralized, time sharing mainframe computing.

Content / Layer 4 C 7 Application Switching

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:05:36 +0800

Content switching, also called layer 4 C 7 application switching, is a technologydesigned to address the unique requirements of the explosive increase of Web traffic and complexity.

Core / Backbone Network and Technologies

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:05:39 +0800

Core network and backbone network typically refer to the high capacity communication facilities that connect primary nodes.

Data Encapsulation

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:05:41 +0800

Data Encapsulation is a process of taking one Protocol Data Unit (PDU) and enveloping it within a set of protocol header and trailer

Edge Network and Technologies

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:05:43 +0800

Edge network provides information exchange between the access network and the core network.

Fiber Optical Communication Network

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:05:48 +0800

Optical networks are high-capacity telecommunications networks based on optical technologies and components that provide routing, grooming, and restoration at the wavelength level as well as wavelength-based services.

Full Duplex Transmission

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:05:51 +0800

Full Duplex transmission indicates the transmission of data in two directions simultaneously.

Half Duplex Transmission

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:05:54 +0800

Half-duplex data transmission means that data can be transmitted in both directions on a signal carrier, but not at the same time.

IBM Systems Network Architecture

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:05:56 +0800

SNA (Systems Network Architecture) is one of the most popular network architecture models, in addition to the OSI Model, proposed by IBM.

Internet Architecture

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:05:58 +0800

The Internet, a short from of the compound word "inter-networking", consists of a collection of networks that have been connected together to form one global gigantic network.

Internet and TCP/IP

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:06:00 +0800

The Internet is a packet switched network with a distributed mesh topology, which contains many smaller networks.

Layer 2/3 MPLS VPN based on BGP/MPLS

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:06:02 +0800

The border gateway protocol/multiprotocol label switching (BGP/MPLS) VPN standard is defined in the IETF RFC 2547bis to provide Layer 3 VPN solutions using BGP to carry route information over a MPLS core.

Link Aggregation and Trunking

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:06:04 +0800

Link Aggregation, also called trunking or port trunking, is a technique of combining physical network links into a single logical link for increased bandwidth, achieving load balancing and increase fault tolerance.

LAN Architecture and Topologies: Bus, Star, Ring and Tree

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:06:07 +0800

The components in a Local Area Network can be connected in a few ways, which is call LAN topologies. There exit 4 basic LAN topologies.

Load Balancing

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:06:09 +0800

Load Balancing is a concept often used in the network to distributing processing and communications activity evenly across a computer network so that no single device is overwhelmed.

Mesh Network Topology and Architecture

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:06:11 +0800

Mesh network topology is one of the key network architectures in which devices are connected with many redundant interconnections between network nodes such as routers and switches.

Network Multicast Technologies

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:06:14 +0800

Multicast is the communication between a single sender and multiple receivers on a network.

Multi-service Network Switching Architecture

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:06:16 +0800

Multi-service network switching architecture allows service providers using one converged network with fewer network elements and technologies to provide multiple services such as voice, data and multi-media.

NBMA: Non-Broadcast Multiple Access Network

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:06:19 +0800

A Non-Broadcast Multiple Access Network (NBMA network) allows only data transfer from one computer to another over a virtual circuit or across a switching device.

Network Architecture Overview

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:06:21 +0800

A network architecture is a blueprint of the complete computer communication network, which provides a framework and technology foundation for designing, building and managing a communication network.

Network Protocol Definition and Overview

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:06:28 +0800

The OSI model, and any other network communication model, provides only a conceptual framework for communication between computers, but the model itself does not provide specific methods of communication.

Network Topologies Overview

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:06:30 +0800

Network Topology is the specific physical, logical, or virtual, arrangement of the network components and devices (nodes).

OSI 7 Layers Reference Model

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:06:32 +0800

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a reference model developed by ISO (International Organization for Standardization) in 1984.

Peer to Peer Networking

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:06:35 +0800

Peer-to-peer is a style of networking in which a group of computers communicate directly with each other, rather than through a central server.

PoS: Packet over SONET

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:06:37 +0800

Packet Over SONET/SDH (PoS) maps IP datagrams into the SONET frame payload using Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP).

Packet Switching

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:06:40 +0800

A packet is a block of user data, together with a protocol header which includes address and administration information, to be delivered to the correct destination by the switches or routers in the network.

TCP/IP Architecture Model: 4-Layers vs. OSI 7 Layers

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:06:42 +0800

TCP/IP architecture does not exactly follow the OSI model. Unfortunately, there is no universal agreement regarding how to describe TCP/IP with a layered model.

TCP/IP Four Layers Architecture Model

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:06:44 +0800

TCP/IP architecture does not exactly follow the OSI model. Unfortunately, there is no universal agreement regarding how to describe TCP/IP with a layered model.

Unicast and Unicast Routing

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:06:49 +0800

Unicast is the process of forwarding unicasted traffic from a source to a destination on network. Unicasted traffic is destined for a unique address.

Virtual Circuits: Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs) and Switched Virtual Circuits (SVCs)

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:07:11 +0800

Virtual Circuits is a connection between two network devices appearing like a direct and dedicated connection but it but is actually a group of logic circuit resources from which specific circuits are allocated as needed to meet traffic requirements in a packet switched network.

VPN: Virtual Private Network

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:07:13 +0800

Virtual Private Network (VPN) refers to simulating a private network over the public Internet by encrypting communications between the two private end-points.

Virtual Switching

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:07:15 +0800

The Virtual Switching is a technology allowing multiple switching functions to happen in one physical device or single functional switching to happen in multiple physical devices across network, while in the situation of a real switch, switching is conducted in one physical switch.

UPnP: Universal Plug and Play

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:07:18 +0800

UPnP is an architecture for pervasive peer-to-peer network connectivity of intelligent appliances, wireless devices, and PCs of all form factors.

Cisco IOS: Internetwork Operating System

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:07:20 +0800

Internetwork Operating System (IOS) is a Cisco proprietary core software package implemented on almost all Cisco routers and switches.

CoS: Class of Service

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:07:22 +0800

Class of Service (COS) is one type of the techniques or methods used to deliver Quality of Service (QoS) in a network.

Network Management

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:07:25 +0800

Network Management covers five areas: network performance management, network device and application configuration management, network utilization and accounting management, network device and application fault management, and security management.

Network Performance Management

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:07:27 +0800

Network performance management is for network capacity planning, providing usage based billing, understanding Quality of Service (QOS) of traffic.

Network Fault Management

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:07:30 +0800

Network fault management, a key part of the today Network Management architecture, covers functions such as detect, isolate, determine the cause and correct malfunctions in a network. The objectives of doing fault management are to increase network availability, reduce network downtime and restore network failure quickly.

Network Configuration Management

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:07:32 +0800

Network configuration management refers to setting, changing, collecting and restoring information about network devices (bridges, routers, workstations, servers, switches and others).

Network Security Management and Access Control

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:07:34 +0800

Network security management refers to access control or management to network resources.

NOC: Network Operation Center

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:07:36 +0800

Network Operation Center (NOC) is a centralized place housing network switching equipment and management systems and may also housing storage devices.

NOS: Network Operating System

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:07:38 +0800

Network Operating System (NOS) is an operating system that includes special functions for connecting computers and devices into a local-area network (LAN) or Inter-networking.

Protocol Analysis and Protocol Analyzer

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:07:41 +0800

Network protocol analysis is a process for a program or a device to decode network protocol headers and trailers to understand the data and information inside the packet encapsulated by the protocol.

QoS: Quality of Service

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:08:15 +0800

Quality of Service (QoS) refers to the ability of a network to provide higher priority services, including dedicated bandwidth.

SLA: Service-Level Agreement

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:08:28 +0800

A Service Level Agreement is a contract between a network Service Provider and a customer, which defines the terms of types of services, quality of services and the customer payment.

Network Sniffer

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:08:40 +0800

A Sniffer is a program and/or device that monitors data traveling over a network. Sniffers can be used both for legitimate network management functions and for stealing information off a network.

Traffic Management, Traffic Shaping and Traffic Engineering

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:08:42 +0800

Traffic management refers to network bandwidth control and allocation, communication delay reduction and congestion minimization.

CIDR: Classless and Subnet Address Extensions and Supernetting

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:00 +0800

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR), sometimes known as supernetting, is a new addressing scheme for the Internet which allows for more efficient allocation of IP addresses than the old Class A, B, and C address scheme.

Distance Vector Routing and Protocols

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:04 +0800

Distance Vector Routing is one of the two types of routing types. (The other type is Link State Routing).

Exterior Routing and Protocols

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:07 +0800

Packet routing in the Internet is divided into two general groups: interior and exteriorrouting. Exterior routing occurs between autonomous systems, and is of concern to service providers and other large or complex networks.

ICMP Attacks

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:09 +0800

ICMP is used by the IP layer to send one-way informational messages to a host. There is no authentication in ICMP, which leads to attacks using ICMP that can result in a denial of service, or allowing the attacker to intercept packets.

Interior Routing and Protocols

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:11 +0800

Packet routing in the Internet is divided into two general groups: interior and exteriorrouting. Interior routing happens inside or interior to an independent network system.

IP Address and Internet Address

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:13 +0800

IP address is an identity of a computer or other network device on a TCP/IP network. Networks using the TCP/IP protocol route packets based on the IP address to its destination.

IPv6 Addressing Scheme Overview

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:15 +0800

The most significant change from IPv4 to IPv6 is the length of network addresses. IPv6 addresses are 128 bits long vs. 32 bits in IPv4. The number of possible addresses in IPv6 is about 3.4 x 1038.

IPv6 (IPng) vs. IPv4

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:17 +0800

Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6), sometimes called the "next generation" IP protocol (IPng), is designed by the IETF to replace the current version Internet Protocol, IP Version 4 ("IPv4"), which is now more than twenty years old.

Land Attack

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:19 +0800

Land Attack is happening if an attacker sends a forged stream of TCP SYN packets with the same source and destination IP address and TCP port numbers. The SYN flag has to be set.

Link State Routing and Protocols

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:22 +0800

A Link-state routing is a concept used in routing of packet-switched networks in computer communications.

Network Security at the Network Layer (Layer 3: IP)

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:24 +0800

Every layer of communication has its own unique security challenges.

Network Security at the Transport Layer (Layer 4: TCP and UDP)

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:27 +0800

Every layer of communication has its own unique security challenges. The transport Layer (Layer 4 in the OSI model) is especially vulnerable for the Denial of Service (DOS) attack or Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS) attack.

Port Scan Attack

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:30 +0800

Port Scan Attack is one of the most popular reconnaissance techniques attackers use to discover services they can break into.

Private IP Addresses

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:32 +0800

Private IP addresses, also often called RFC1918 addresses, are the addresses set aside according to IETF RFC 1918 for private use by companies and organizations in their private network

RFC: Request For Comments

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:34 +0800

Request for Comments, a series of notes and documents about the Internet, started in 1969 (when the Internet was the ARPANET).

RIP Routing Attacks

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:36 +0800

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) Routing attacks is often seen in routers which implemented the original RIP.

Routing: Process, Algorithm and Routing Table

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:38 +0800

Routing is the process of moving information packets and messages across a network from a source host to a destination host.

Sockets in TCP/IP Networking

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:40 +0800

Sockets in TCP/IP Networking

Subnet and IP Subnetting

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:43 +0800

A subnet (short for "sub-network") is a logical grouping of connected network devices in an organization.

TCP Connecting Hijacking: MAN-In-The-Middle Attack

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:45 +0800

TCP Connecting Hijacking is one of the Man-in-the-Middle attacks. With this attack, an attacker can allow normal authentication to proceed between the two hosts, and then seize control of the connection

TCP "SYN" Attack

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:47 +0800

TCP "SYN" Attack is also known as SYN Flooding. It takes advantage of a flaw in how most hosts implement the TCP three-way handshake.

TCP/IP Protocols

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:49 +0800

The TCP/IP protocol suite establishes the technical foundation of the Internet. (UDP/IP is part of the the family).

TCP/IP Network Vulnerability and Security

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:51 +0800

The TCP/IP protocol suite has a number of vulnerability and security flaws inherent in the protocols.

TCP/UDP port numbers

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:53 +0800

TCP and UDP are both transport protocols above the IP layer, which are interfaces between IP and upper-layer processes.

UDP Flood Attack

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:56 +0800

UDP Flood Attack is one of the attacks causing host based Denial of Service. UDP is a connectionless protocol and it does not require any connection setup procedure to transfer data.

ARP Spoofing, ARP Poison and ARP Attack

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:09:58 +0800

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used to map IP addressing to MAC addresses in a local area network segment where hosts of the same subnet reside.

DHCP Starvation Attack

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:10:01 +0800

DHCP starvation attack works by broadcasting DHCP requests with spoofed MAC addresses. This is easily achieved with attack tools such as gobbler.

LAN Protocols

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:10:03 +0800

Local Area Network (LAN) is a data communications network connecting terminals, computers and printers within a building or other geographically limited areas.

Ethernet Overview

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:10:05 +0800

Ethernet is the most popular local area network (LAN) technology implemented worldwide. Ethernet was first developed in early 1970s.

Ethernet LAN Security

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:10:08 +0800

The Ethernet LAN has many security weaknesses when facing attacks externally and internally.

EtherType: The Ethernet Type Field and Values

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:10:11 +0800

EtherType is a field in the Ethernet frame, which indicates the protocol used in the data field of the frame.

LAN Architecture and Topologies: Bus, Star, Ring and Tree

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:10:19 +0800

The components in a Local Area Network can be connected in a few ways, which is call LAN topologies. There exit 4 basic LAN topologies.

LAN Driver

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:10:21 +0800

A LAN driver is a software module designed as an interface between a Network Interface Card (NIC) and the upper layer software such as TCP/IP, IPX, NetBIOS, etc.

Media Access Control and MAC Address

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:10:24 +0800

In IEEE 802 networks, the Data Link Control (DLC) layer of the OSI Reference Model is divided into two sublayers: the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer and the Media Access Control (MAC) layer.

Network Security at the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) of LAN

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:10:27 +0800

Every layer of communication has its own unique security challenges. The data link layer (layer 2) communication is a weak link in terms of security.

NDIS: Network Driver Interface Specification

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:10:29 +0800

Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS) is a standard API of LAN drivers for "Network Interface Cards" (NIC's) developed by Microsoft.

NIC: Network Interface Card

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:10:31 +0800

Network Interface Cards (NIC) are adaptors attached with a computer (or other network device such as printer) to provide the connection between the computer with the network.

ODI: Open Data-Link Interface

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:10:33 +0800

Open Data-Link Interface (ODI) is Novell��s standard of LAN driver which allows multiple network protocols and adapters (physical boards) to be used simultaneous on the same client (workstation) or server.

Token Ring

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:10:35 +0800

Token Ring is a LAN protocol defined in the IEEE 802.5 where all stations are connected in a ring and each station can directly hear transmissions only from its immediate neighbor.

EoS: Ethernet over SONET/SDH

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:10:38 +0800

Ethernet and SONET/SDH are the two primary link technologies used in the network communications while Ethernet in the LAN and SONET/SDH in the Telco/PTT WAN.

Layer 2 Ethernet VPN and Virtual Private LAN Services (VPLS)

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:10:40 +0800

Virtual Private LAN Services (VPLS) is a solution that can provide layer 2 Virtual Private Network (VPN) services over Ethernet networks.

Metropolitan Area Network Protocols

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:10:42 +0800

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a computer networks usually spanning a campus or a city, which typically connect a few local area networks using high speed backbone technologies.

Metro Ethernet Network and Services: Technology Overview

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:10:44 +0800

Ethernet technology, as the most widely deployed local area networking (LAN) technology, has expanded its territories across a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) or Wide Area Network (WAN) by interconnect Ethernet LANs.

All WAN Protocols

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:11:06 +0800

A wide area network (WAN) is a computer network covering multiple distance areas, which may spread across the entire world. WANs often connect multiple smaller networks, such as local area networks (LANs) or metro area networks (MANs).

ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:11:09 +0800

The Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) composes a protocol suite which establishes a mechanism to carry all traffic on a stream of fixed 53-byte packets (cells).

ATM Network Security: Solutions, Technologies and Specifications

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:11:11 +0800

ATM Network Security: Solutions, Technologies and Specifications

ATM Network Security: Vulnerabilities and Risks

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:11:14 +0800

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network usually has less security exposures than TCP/IP network because it is often used as the backbone with fiber cables as the media for private or semi-private communications.

Frame Relay

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:11:16 +0800

Frame Relay is a WAN protocol for LAN internetworking which operates at the physical and data link layer to provide fast and efficient method of transmitting information from a user device to another across multiple switches and routers.

Layer 3 IP VPN: Internet Protocol Virtual Private Network

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:11:18 +0800

Internet Protocol Virtual Private Network (IP VPN) is a group of technologies that are widely used by corporations and service providers to provide secured.

Mesh Network Topology and Architecture

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:11:20 +0800

Mesh network topology is one of the key network architectures in which devices are connected with many redundant interconnections between network nodes such as routers and switches.

SONET/SDH: Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:11:23 +0800

The Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) are a set of related standards for synchronous data transmission over fiber optic networks that are often used for framing and synchronization at the physical layer.

Wide Area Network Technologies Overview

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:11:25 +0800

A Wide Area Network ( WAN) is a computer network covering multiple distance areas, which may spread across the entire world. WANs often connect multiple smaller networks.

All SAN Protocols

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:11:27 +0800

Storage Area Network (SAN) is a high-speed network or subnetwork whose primary purpose is to transfer data between computer and storage systems.

Access Device

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:11:29 +0800

An access device is a network component used to gain access to network resources from a remote location, and vice versa.

ARP Spoofing, ARP Poison and ARP Attack

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:11:31 +0800

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used to map IP addressing to MAC addresses in a local area network segment where hosts of the same subnet reside

DHCP Starvation Attack

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:11:33 +0800

DHCP starvation attack works by broadcasting DHCP requests with spoofed MAC addresses. This is easily achieved with attack tools such as gobbler.

Edge Device

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:11:36 +0800

Edge devices are switches, routers, routing switches, IADs and a variety of MAN/WAN devices which are installed in the edge network to pass packets between the access devices and core/backbone network devices.

Gateway

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:11:42 +0800

Gateway in the computer network world is a piece of software or hardware device that translates between two dissimilar protocols.

IAD: Integrated Access Device

Network Dictionary — Fri, 31 Aug 2007 09:35:06 +0800

An Integrated Access Device (IAD) is an access device that can simultaneously deliver traditional PSTN voice services, packet voice services, and data services (via LAN ports) over a single WAN link.

Installation Layouts

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:11:47 +0800

Packet Analyzer can monitor and analyze the data transmitted in intranet and/or between intranet and extranet, or even over VALN.

IP Switch

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:11:49 +0800

IP switch is basically an IP router with a switching hardware that has the ability to cache routing decisions. IP switching technologies are originally developed by Ipsilon Networks.

Managed Switches Support Port Mirroring, Port Spanning or Port Monitoring Functions

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:11:52 +0800

If you have a switched network, network traffic monitoring tools are often restricted to receive to only its own packets.

Multilayer Switch

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:11:54 +0800

Multilayer switching is simply the combination of traditional Layer 2 switching with Layer 3 routing in a single product. Multilayer switching is new, and there is no industry standard yet on nomenclature

Network Devices and Components Overview

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:11:57 +0800

Network components and devices are the physical entities connected to a network. There are many types of network devices and increasing daily.

Network Router

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:11:59 +0800

A router is a device or a piece of software in a computer that forwards and routes data packets along networks. A router connects at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP network.

Network Switch

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:12:02 +0800

A network switch is a networking device that connects network segments. Technically, network switches operate at layer two (Data Link Layer) of the OSI model.

Server

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:12:05 +0800

A computer on a network or other network device that stores all necessary information and is dedicated to provide a particular service.

Tag Switch

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:12:08 +0800

Tag Switching, a technology developed by Cisco Systems, merges the intelligence of routing with the performance of layer 2 switching networks.

Softswitch

Network Dictionary — Mon, 22 Oct 2007 11:12:10 +0800

Softswitch is the next generation voice and multimedia switch based on the IP technologies. It is design to replace the Class 5 and Class 4 switches based on the circuit switching technologies.